Atul Singh Arora ; Jérémie Roland ; Chrysoula Vlachou ; Stephan Weis - Protocols for Quantum Weak Coin Flipping

theoretics:13198 - TheoretiCS, November 26, 2025, Volume 4 - https://doi.org/10.46298/theoretics.25.26
Protocols for Quantum Weak Coin FlippingArticle

Authors: Atul Singh Arora ; Jérémie Roland ; Chrysoula Vlachou ; Stephan Weis

    Weak coin flipping is an important cryptographic primitive$\unicode{x2013}$it is the strongest known secure two-party computation primitive that classically becomes secure only under certain assumptions (e.g. computational hardness), while quantumly there exist protocols that achieve arbitrarily close to perfect security. This breakthrough result was established by Mochon in 2007 [arXiv:0711.4114]. However, his proof relied on the existence of certain unitary operators which was established by a non-constructive argument. Consequently, explicit protocols have remained elusive. In this work, we give exact constructions of related unitary operators. These, together with a new formalism, yield a family of protocols approaching perfect security thereby also simplifying Mochon's proof of existence. We illustrate the construction of explicit weak coin flipping protocols by considering concrete examples (from the aforementioned family of protocols) that are more secure than all previously known protocols.

    76 pages. This is the TheoretiCS journal version


    Volume: Volume 4
    Published on: November 26, 2025
    Accepted on: September 16, 2025
    Submitted on: March 8, 2024
    Keywords: Quantum Physics, Cryptography and Security

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